birch lake mn fishing hot spots. Twin Cities family friendly spots [Online • Download] When fishing on and near boat ramps, be courteous and don’t impede a boat's ability to launch, load and be on its way. birch lake mn fishing hot spots

 
 Twin Cities family friendly spots [Online • Download] When fishing on and near boat ramps, be courteous and don’t impede a boat's ability to launch, load and be on its waybirch lake mn fishing hot spots  Tax is additional

It is located on beautiful Birch Lake and it seems only locals know about it. . Sometimes we need some expert advice, or we get caught out on the water later than expected. 372612 longitude coordinates into your GPS device or smart phone. White Iron Beach Resort offers a great Ely Lake fishing experience for the whole family. Waterproof Fishing Maps; Boat Ramps; Fishing Hot Spots; Weather; Maps; Rentals; Real Estate. Lake Champlain, Vermont: Lake Champlain is a traditional northern pike hot spot as well as a great destination for perch and blue gill. A detailed fishing report for the Big Birch Lake will make the difference between a good fishing here and a bad one. Birch Lake is a 506 acre lake located in Vilas County. Let us know if you find any good spots although it's going to turn cold soon. Formerly Shady Birch Resort. We are a Minnesota Fishing Resort with houseboat, fishing boat and cabin rentals on Birch Lake in the Superior National Forest near Ely Minnesota and the Boundary Waters Wilderness Canoe Area BWCA. " Pickerel Lake "Trout have not been stocked on this lake for years, possibly 10 years or more. Find fishing tackle, live bait, fishing guides, fishing charters, campgrounds, and hotels near Lower Birch Lake. read more. Find fishing tackle, live bait, fishing guides, fishing charters, campgrounds, and hotels near Little Birch Lake. Check out our Fishing Times tab to determine when the fish will be most active. Swing by the Lake of the Woods Tourism booth at the St. . The lake has 15 miles of coastal and a. ###**Tackle Selection** Pack an assortment of lures such as crankbaits, spinnerbaits,and jigs,to ensure versatility while targeting different. Click on any of the pins on the Cass County map or narrow your search by selecting a place type (e. If it is an early year for ice, #5 glass shads. River Point Resort® has a unique location on the northern, most private end of Birch where the South Kawishiwi River (BWCA entry #32) joins it, providing access to the river and. Big Birch Lake Events including Fishing Tournaments, Boat Shows, Festivals and Concerts. If you need fishing tackle, or are looking for a fishing guide or fishing charter please visit Tackle, Guides, ChartersHeading up to Birch Lake 1st week in June. Walleye angling is better early in the season and in the fall. Birch Lake was formed in the late 19th century during the logging boom in the surrounding forests. The “F” series maps are our most recent set of maps taken from U. We’re ready to make your fishing trip exemplary! Gull Lake is one of the most beautiful and uninhabited lakes in Northwestern Minnesota, and Birch Haven Resort is in the center of it all. In Ensign Lake paddle east through the middle of the lake and then turn north once at the far east end of the lake to find the portage into Trident Lake. Looking for any boat-in campgrounds. " Blackface Lake "Tulibee are healthy in Bachelor Lake. Also the river side is good walleye spot in the eddies. " Hayden Lake "The lake is not one of those big fish lakes but has some good size fish in that lake from the shore you can catch big sunfish and some times bull heads but they don't. We live on Birch Lake and were totally shocked to catch a Northern on the lake tonight from our dock!!!. Fishing is heating up!!! We're having some really good trips lately. Whether you’re planning a quiet fishing trip or an action-packed summer adventure, you’ve come to the. Remember to adjust these times based on. " Holy Water Lake "State owned public access is on the Northwest corner of the lake. To find Big Birch Lake enter the 45. Minnesota Ramsey County White Bear Lake. Walleye Whamma on Birch lake By Hartley June 15, 2014 in Vermilion-Pelican Lake-Chisholm-Cook-Ely-Eveleth-Hibbing-Orr-Virginia Fishing Reports - Hunting ShareHello All – Getting a trip planned up and Birch is looking like the location. Eye came on a chubby darter, lost two on the bobber rod. 2 Fishing Reports Write a Report. October 10th, 2023. Birch Lake Fishing News FISHING CONDITIONS Birch Lake Weather Center Birch Lake Fishing Forum. MINNESOTA. With our Lake Maps App, you get all the great marine chart app features like fishing spots, along with Birch lake depth map. Remember to adjust these times based on. Minnesota, United States. Birch Lake. Guests may also bring personal watercraft (dockage fee applies). The GPS coordinates for this Lake are 45. Fishidy Object Moved This document may be found here Wisconsin Chequamegon Bay-Superior Lake (Ashland/Bayfield Co) Fishing Hot Spots Map. 1. Back to top. . Wisconsin Chequamegon Waters-Miller Dam Flowage (Taylor Co) Fishing Hot Spots Map. Mud Lake "I have fished Pine Lake for many years. If those times won’t work for you, 12:00AM to 12:00AM looks promising , as does 12:00AM to 12:00AM Remember to adjust these times based on barometric pressure, and weather changes. Here are 36 hotspots that fall into that category. Fishing Hot Spots. The lake has 15 miles of shoreline and a maximum depth of 45 feet. 4. Duluth, MN 55808 (218) 626-4300. Lake Vermilion has over 1,200 miles of shoreline. Fishing Big Birch Lake Dam, MN on 10/16/2023 will be best from 12:00AM through 12:00AM. LakeFinder. depth (ft) Go back. Minnesota’s statewide fishing and hunting report on Nov. Cass County. Rates subject to change without notice. Coordinates: 47. Details | Fishing Times | Fishing Reports | Map | Bait Shops. Location: your fishing hot spot! Share; Posted January 29, 2013. Seasonal Lake Vermilion Walleye Fishing tips from Doug Knoer. Remember me Not recommended on shared computers. Louis County before, please share your experience with a comment below. At HookandBullet, we make it easy for you to find the fishing related businesses in the area. I haven't had any success finding a fishing oppisite of cold spots map of the lake. 2. Hot Lakes. Followers 13 Catches 0 Spots 0. Lake front cabins, safe sandy beach, activities for kids, playground, bait, gas, laundry, great fishing. A guilt of this hot spots can be found select the crew such as islands bays sunke Big Birch Lake Minnesota fishing report rainbow trout or fishing forecast. The Birch Navigation App provides advanced features of a Marine Chartplotter including adjusting water level offset and custom depth shading. 7762, -91. Brainerd, MN 56401. I have a few questions for the Babbitt folks if you could spare some opinions The plan so far is: • Going to be up there early Oct. Many believe there is a world record in these waters. To find Birch Creek enter the 37. At HookandBullet, we make it easy for you to find the fishing related businesses in the area. SPRINGFIELD, VA. There is a fee to enter the park, but no charge to launch the boat. Write a Report. FEMALE PRESSURE TO MAKE. This spring fishing started off kinda slow. You can fish these uncrowded waters for Walleye, Bluegill, Northern Pike, Largemouth Bass and Crappie. Search all available real estate properties for sale on Birch Lake outside of Longville, MN to find the best lake home, lake lot, or cabin for you. Use Fishbrain to view local fishing regulations, read reviews of local fishing spots, and learn what lures. Louis or Lake County. If those times won’t work for you, 12:00AM to 12:00AM looks promising , as does 12:00AM to 12:00AM Remember to adjust these times based on barometric pressure, and weather changes. Plan a fishing or boating trip or vacation to Birch Lake area and find places to stay near Birch Lake. Size 22-1/2″ x 28-1/2″, Scale 1-1/2″ = 1 mile, Waterproof*. Its two main basins, widely known as the Cook End (west) and Tower End (east) are separated by Oak Narrows, and each features abundant structure and cover where gamefish can spawn, feed, and grow. A maze of sunken islands, channels, points, bars and vegetation are made home by trophy walleye, northern pike, bass, crappie and lake trout among others. Check out our Fishing Times tab to determine when the fish will be most active. I have fished there many times in soft water season but never in hard. Stay on Moose, but fish other lakes for walleyes as much as you can. " Osceola Creek Walleye. If you store your boat outside and haven’t checked up on her lately, Boat Owners Association of The United States (BoatUS) has five tips for a midwinter. The “F” series maps are our most recent set of maps taken from U. " Christmas Lake "Really. Use Fishbrain to view local fishing regulations, read reviews of local fishing spots, and learn what lures are most successful in White Bear Lake. 29 miles. Swing by the Lake of the Woods Tourism booth at the St. 4442 Birch Forest Rd, Orr, MN 55771-8247. Be the first to write a review. About Fishing Reports for Birch Lake near Walker A detailed fishing report for the Birch Lake will make the difference between a good fishing here and a bad one. We may have highlighted some of the best fishing spots in Cass County based on. Gull Lake "Opening weekend on Saganaga Lake in spring is akin to a world class fishing event. lake and ice. Early in the year it’s never a bad idea to fish feeder creeks, fallen trees, and shallow weedy bays. SEE MORE. 2. THE RESORT. On HookandBullet, we invite you to share your. I was thinking about heading up there this week was also wondering how the ice is. Louis county , MN - and last year the limit was 6 fish with only one over 24 - not sure if there has been any change this year or not - haven't been up yet this season but will be in a couple of weeks - Nice lake . Kinsey Houseboats is located in Babbitt, MN and services the areas of Birch Lake and Babbitt, Minnesota with 33′-36′ houseboat rentals and 42′-50′ houseboat rentals. Winter anglers will discover that from the access they can head north into the bigger basin and find plenty of deep water to key on. 95. Consisting of 14 interconnected lakes, 14,000 acres of water and over 110 miles of lake shore, the Whitefish chain provides anglers with a multitude of fishing options. Future Forecast. SPRING FISHING PACKAGE: MAY 12 thru JUNE 2, 2023 SUMMER FISHING PACKAGE: JUNE 3 thru JUNE 30, 2023. Decent populations of walleye, largemouth bass, northern pike, crappie and bluegill. Fishing Hot Spots. While giving a comprehensive report is difficult as it is huge(4,032 acres)some basics will always apply. I had Ice fished this lake over Christmas last year and enjoyed the small lake atmosphere. Remember to adjust these times based on barometric pressure, and weather changes. Businesses Located Nearby. We hope this list of the best all inclusive resorts in Minnesota will make your trip as relaxing as possible. The lake has 14 islands, numerous inlets and bays, and offers exceptional fishing by boat or canoe. After all, we all forget gear from time to time. Perch fishing is good all year. 565247 latitude, and -92. No such luck on that either. If those times won’t work for you, 12:00AM to 12:00AM looks promising , as does 12:00AM to 12:00AM Remember to adjust these times based on barometric pressure, and weather changes. If that time won’t work for you, 12:00AM to 12:00AM looks promising. Arrowhead Lake Events. In northwestern Iowa, a chain of three deep, clear-water lakes brim with walleyes, smallmouth and largemouth bass and yellow perch. Let us know if you find any good spots although it's going to turn cold soon. Sometimes we need some expert advice, or we get caught out on the water later than expected. Orlando Lorenzo Panlilio/Only in Minnesota. Fishing spots and baits to use at Birch Lake? View our maps and read detailed fishing reports from nearby anglers. 1. It's fall walleye fishing time up on Lake of the Woods, however, the weather this past week felt more like late summer. After all, we all forget gear from time to time. m. Suggest changes. Visit Website. It is a popular recreational destination, known for its clear waters, scenic beauty, and abundant recreational opportunities. Birch Lake Fishing Report near Monticello, Minnesota. Anglers who are familiar with Birch Lake and want to make a suggestion to the. Birch Lake is a lake located just 2. If you need fishing tackle, or are looking for a fishing guide or fishing charter please visit Tackle, Guides, Charters. The 6- hour length is provides a perfect balance of more time and more fun. A variety of fishing hot spots can be found around the lake such as islands, bays, sunke… Followers 140. The 13,725-acre lake is the largest in Otter Tail County and is surrounded by well-developed shorelines. Check out the Minnesota fishing at Blackduck Lake, a top walleye fishing lake in the state. 295242 latitude, and -93. At HookandBullet, we make it easy for you to find the fishing related businesses in the area. There is ampere city-owned public access on who east shore with an city on Hackensack. Bay (20) Harbor (1) Lake (612) Stream (60) Cass County, Minnesota is home to 693 lakes, rivers, and other fishing spots. At more than 7,000 acres, it’s also the largest lake in this region outside the BWCAW. Not so in winter, when the ice is secure. When fishing, anglers can expect to catch a variety of fish including Bluegill, Largemouth Bass, Northern Pike, Rock Bass, Smallmouth Bass, Walleye, Yellow Perch,. I heard there is a deep spot (like still only about 17 feet) but I am not sure. I know that time of year you can still find a lot of fish in the feeder creeks for that lake. We fished points, flats, shallow bays anywhere from 3 ft to 27 ft. ###**Fishing Rods** Investing in a medium-heavy action spinning rod or baitcasting rod will give you better control when reeling in those hard-fighting fish species common throughout Birch Lake. Some of these are on private land, but the majority are on public land with a lot of opportunities to camp near a lake. To find Red Wing Bay enter the 44. There is nothing to show. Some examples are walleye, musky, bass, and sunfish. Walleye action in the lakes southwest arm at Red Rock Bay is as hot and heavy as it. Birch Lake, south of Rocky Mountain House, is known as a great ice fishing lake for brook trout, though anglers can find quality fishing year-round for rainbow, brook, and brown trout. Let's face it, there's a lot we can learn and share from one another like what bait or lure is generating the best results. Like most fishing spots folks are tight lipped. Recreation. Small northern pike and bluegills are abundant. Birch Lake is located in Cass County, Michigan. If you're looking to fish in the general area. Lake Birch . A neon green spinner caught the. Hunting. If you need fishing tackle, or are looking for a fishing guide or fishing charter please visit Tackle, Guides, ChartersDate: 1/1/2023. the contest was saturday past from 10 to 2. This is a shallow, unimproved site that may not be suitable for larger boats. Largemouth bass and pike both. 5" to 6" of ice. Whether you’re angling for bass, pike, or walleye, there’s plenty of great fishing to be had on Pelican Lake for everyone. ). The Lule River in Sweden originates near the Norwegian border and is teeming with some of the tastiest salmon and trout you can find in Scandinavia. It is an ideal place to relax while enjoying fishing, boating. A detailed fishing report for the Big Birch Lake will make the difference between a good fishing here and a bad one. Forgot your password?Fishing Lower Birch Lake, MN on 12/27/2022 will be best from 12:00AM through 12:00AM. No Activity Yet. » Minnesota Lakes » Big Birch Lake Login. The logging companies used reservoirs to float the cut logs to the river where the logs were then transported to sawmills. Birch Lake (Cass County, MN) Birch Lake is a 1284-acre lake located near Hackensack, MN. Details | Fishing Times | Fishing Reports | Map | Bait Shops. . Louis County, Minnesota. Available Fishing info on lake maps includes boat ramps, boat launches, fish attractor locations, fishing points, stream. Granted, it is cyclical so you never know what the fishing is going to be. Recent Activity in . Fishing Hot Spots. We may have highlighted some of the best fishing spots in Cass County based. Plan a fishing or boating trip or vacation to Birch Lake area and find places to stay near Birch Lake. Boating - Non-Motorized. Cities Near Birch Lake, Minnesota, US » Minnesota Lakes » Birch Lake Login | HomeCheck out the best fishing spots in White Bear Lake, Minnesota. 7494753 (longitude) and the approximate elevation is 1,184 feet (361. Lake Stats For Birch Lake. Yellow perch and black crappies are not. . Getting some information from others also helps a lot. The lake suffered a severe winter fish kill when the lake water level drop and there wasn't enough plant growth to sustain. Lake Birch . Also I am walking, what are the two humps like between the two accesses on the west arm and how far a walk are they? Any concerns walking ie current, springs, heaves?Current weather and conditions for Birch Lake. In fact, just in early 2023 an angler ice fishing for pike caught a beautiful 46. Reviewed December 3, 2020. Remember to adjust these times based on barometric pressure, and weather changes. Fishing Birch Lake, MN on 2/13/2023 will be best from 12:00AM through 12:00AM, and from 12:00AM to 12:00AM. Fishing Hot Spots. good luckchunky ps. Birch Forest Lodge Pelican Lake, MN: Reservations call 1-218-757-3479: While fishing on Pelican Lake is fantastic and many people like the challenge of exploring and finding fishing spots, some prefer to come up and spend a day or two on the water with a guide showing them tricks to our lake. If you have visited Minnesota's Birch Lake in St. Read Fishing Reports "Road side dump in is about all you get here but if your willing there is some great Crappie action along HWY 113. Directions to Timber Bay: Timber bay is located on Birch Lake near Babbitt, Minnesota 15 miles south of Ely. Birch Lake is a very clear body of water with visibility of 7. Birch Lake is south of. Birch Lake Fishing Reports GUESTS. Quote; Link to comment. you can also. Fishing Hot Spots near Little Birch Lake "Nice little lake that is fishable most days in a decent boat. I've seen a 24 foot trailer pulled up to the spot between Whisper and Perch! Like Steve said, it's a small enough lake that it doesn't take much pressure to have a real effect on it. Birch Lake, with over 100 miles of undeveloped heavily forested shoreline, rocky points, picturesque islands, and sheltered bays, was chosen by Boating World Magazine as one of Minnesota’s most scenic lakes. * WHERE. Cullen Chain of Lakes Events. Let's face it, there's a lot we can. The rule aims at balancing the pike population and increasing the number of large fish. About Birch Lake. day, call 1-MN-LICENSE (888-665-4236) or go to mndnr. Really good bass, pike, and panfish fishing can be found in 838-acre Birch Island Lake. 5. well into mid-June is a very popular time for anglers from around the country to head up to the lake for some premiere Minnesota fishing. Unlike some of the other big. Read More. Remember to adjust these times based on. Float the Mississippi in a boat or canoe and catch everything from muskies to smallmouth bass. Anglers should be prepared to compete with recreational boaters, especially during weekends and holidays. Fish for crappie,. Fishing Hot Spots. Webcam. Nice handle! 🙂 Welcome to the forum. At HookandBullet, we make it easy for you to find the fishing related businesses in the area. . Fishing Hot Spots near Big Birch Lake "Nice little lake that is fishable most days in a decent boat. Norway Lake Events. Write a Report. Water Activities Boating - Motorized. Fishing Hot Spots. MN Metro Area Fishing Reports Forum NE MN Fishing Reports Forum NW MN Fishing Reports Forum Southern MN Fishing Reports Forum More . Home » Lake Fishing » How big is Birch Lake in Wisconsin? How big is Birch Lake in Wisconsin? May 6, 2023 September 16, 2022 by Brent Pollock. Price: $13. . 0. Fishing Little Birch Lake, MN on 4/28/2023 will be best from 12:00AM through 12:00AM, and from 12:00AM to 12:00AM. wouldn't hur. . Follow signs for the boat ramp at the Birch Lake Campground, 4This Ambit 3 Map Is Not USGS. This lake has deep clear bays, like Walker Bay, which reach nearly 200 feet deep. Anglers have logged in Fishbrain over 1,697 catches for Largemouth bass, 596 catches for Northern pike, 312 catches for Walleye and many more species in the Alexandria area. A detailed fishing report for the Birch Lake will make the difference between a good fishing here and a bad one. Read Fishing Reports "Large northern 15lb out of canoe. Looking for a map of Birch Pond? Or would you like to know where the fish are biting in the Saint Louis Park (MN) area? We have what you need - an easily manipulated map, and all the local fishing spots needed to provide a good day of fishing. If. Remember to adjust these times based on barometric pressure, and weather changes. 275 surface area (acres) 44 max. Fisherman's Paradise. The map for Vermillion is awesome though. . Mississippi. HOA money is going to Zebra Mussels and Eurasian Milfoil remediation. Follow us. NORTHERN! by Tight Lines on May 23rd. " Elliot Lake "Expect good fly fishing for decent rainbows. If those times won’t work for you, 12:00AM to 12:00AM looks promising. This map base provides the ultimate in accuracy and detail including land. 1 | EXPLOREMINNESOTA. Lake Birch Cook - Minnesota. Maybe for this reason, it’s not a big recreational lake, which makes it nice for fishing. Birch Lake nautical chart. Birch Lake. Fishing Hot Spots ® is a registered trademark of Fishing Hot Spots. Birch is located in St. Fishing map Depth map Add report Instagram. Caught this one and several eaters trolling Rapala deep taildancers in. Fishing spots and depth contours layers are available in most Lake maps. Big Birch Lake. If those times won’t work for you, 12:00AM to 12:00AM looks promising. Little Birch Lake. No Fishing Schools Listed Add Your Business: Big Birch Lake Fishing Supplies (Bait &. Marina rentals include pro-fishing and touring boats, pontoon boats, 16′ boats, and 15, and 25 hp motors, and trolling motors. Fishing Hot Spots near Birch Lake "Bullhead and sunfish for sure maybe more. every one had a good time for sure. Moose's Report - Cambridge-Elk River-Foley-Milaca-Mora-Ogilvie Fishing Reports By gimruis · Posted Monday at 02:27 PM © 2023 Fishing Hot Spots; Logo: © Fishing Hot Spots. 20k+ community populated maps and 8k+ fishing maps with: contours, hot spots, access points & bottom structure provided by Fishing Hot Spots®. 236244 longitude coordinates into your GPS device or smart phone. Fishing Times for Birch Lake near Forest Lake, Minnesota. Our rental boats are outfitted to fish: trolling motors, GPS depth finders, live wells. Gull Lake "Opening weekend on Saganaga Lake in spring is akin to a world class fishing event. Written December 3, 2020. 773628 longitude coordinates into your GPS device or smart phone. Birch Lake Campground is located in Superior National Forest near the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, about 13 miles from Ely, Minnesota. Underwater Structure & Habitat. or in the back of. IOWA GREAT LAKES | Okoboji, Iowa. Most of it is very safe once the ice is in full swing. Minnesota, United States • 7 Logged catches. Leech Lake boasts world class muskie. Guided fishing trips MN with enthusiastic and friendly guides are offered on Birch Lake and the South Kawishiwi River on a full day. Big Birch Lake provides 200 yards of shoreline . Lake Nokomis, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA. Images may only be seen in the daylight hours. The lake has a maximum depth of 73 feet and. At HookandBullet, we make it easy for you to find the fishing related businesses in the area. The wild waters of Leech Lake are best experience at Hiawatha Beach Resort!As one of the largest lakes in Minnesota, there's a ridiculous amount to explore at Hiawatha Beach Resort! Frame a fish of your own and. Beds were. Anglers will find plenty of opportunities in Birch Lakes State Forest. View call direct+1 (800) 442 - 3224. Head to the Kramer area and the. Complete fishing facilities and services for the fisherman are available at Timber Bay Lodge, a Minnesota Fishing Resort. The fishing in Blackface Lake. Lake navigation features include advanced instrumentation to gather wind speed direction, water temperature. 1 catchy; 47 followers; 2 spots; Birch Lake is a 1,267-acre sea located with Cass Province, Minnesota. 773628 longitude coordinates into your GPS device or smart phone. Featured Species: Walleye, Northern Pike, Muskie and Perch. Birch Lake Weather Center offers current weather conditions, weekend forecast and moon phase calendar. Lake Nokomis - Hennepin County. If those times won’t work for you, 12:00AM to 12:00AM looks promising. Lake Hungry Jack. Minnesota, United States. Madden’s On Gull Lake. " Saganaga Lake "SeaGull Lake is a must fish. January can be really fun. Scale is 1-1/2″ to the mile, more than twice the scale of our 1952 (100-series) maps. Advertise With Us. 95. Date: 1/1/2023. com. The Little Birch Navigation App provides advanced features of a Marine Chartplotter including adjusting water level offset and custom depth shading. Adjacent to the famous Boundary Waters Canoe Area, with its numerous campsites and trophy Walleye and Northern fishing, it is an ideal. We stayed at Timber Bay near Babbit on the opposite end of the lake. If those times won’t work for you, 12:00AM to 12:00AM looks promising , as does 12:00AM to 12:00AM Remember to adjust these times based on barometric pressure, and weather changes. South Fork Ninemile Creek "West side of Nokomis on the t-shaped shorefishing dock. Remember to adjust these times based on. Find Local Fishing Spots on the Interactive Map!. Fishing Experience On Lake Chetac. , Jan. HSO Forum; Forums; Ice Fishing; Minnesota Resorts; Content I Follow; Events; Guidelines; Staff; More . Fishing Birch Lake, MN on 1/2/2023 will be best from 12:00AM through 12:00AM, and from 12:00AM to 12:00AM. SLIMMING PILLS AND coward DOLLS ENLARGEMENT 2. When fishing, anglers can expect to catch a variety of fish including Bluegill, Rainbow Trout. Fresh Fishing Reports from Lake Marion. VERY clear water due to Zebra Mussels, weeds are insane mid-late summer.